There are various methods to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Some of them are:
1. Sex education
Sex education is a must for teenagers. It helps young people to choose whether or not to indulge in sexual relationship. It educates them on moral and social issues of sex and risks of sexual activity. It educates them about sexual intercourse and reproduction, contraception and birth control, and methods to avoid intercourse or safe sex.
2. Fertility awareness
Fertility awareness is one of best method to avoid unwanted pregnancy. A woman should be aware of the menstrual cycle and should have knowledge about fertile and infertile periods. It can be done by charting or by taking help of fertility monitor software’s. One could have safe sex during the infertile periods.
3. Condoms
Condom prevents pregnancy and couple from sexually transmitted diseases. Both male and female condoms are available in the market. One should have proper knowledge of wearing the condom over the pennis or vagina otherwise it can break while having intercourse.
4. Coitus interrupts
It is a method in which the male partner withdraws at the time just before ejaculation. But the main difficulty is that pulling out at climax is too difficult.
5. Avoiding vaginal intercourse
One can also get the pleasure of sex by doing oral or anal sex and avoiding from non-vaginal sex.
6. Contraceptives
Oral contraceptives pills prevent pregnancy in women by regulating the action of hormones like estrogens and progestin and thereby stopping ovulation. In case if a woman had unprotected sexual intercourse, emergency contraceptive pills should be taken within 72 hours of copulation. These pills contain high doses of estrogens or progestins with immediately prevent fertilization. Hormonal contraceptive like Depo-Provera injection can be taken every 3 months to prevent pregnancy. Implants like Norplant are surgically implanted under the skin of the upper arm which releases steroid levonorgestrel prevents pregnancy. But all these medicines have side effects like nausea, irregular menstrual cycle, weight gain and depression.
7. Abstaining
It is a process of refraining from all sexual activity. But it depends on the will power of the person and how much he has understood the consequence of sex.
8. Intrauterine device
Copper containing IUD has spermicidal effect and those IUD releasing progestin prevents ovulation. The IUD can be placed in uterus within 5 days of unprotected intercourse and it can be used for 5-10 years.
9. Sterilization
Surgical sterilization process is available for men and women. It is a permanent way to avoid pregnancy. In female the fallopian tubes may be tied, cut, or blocked. In males the vasa deferentia that carry sperm from the testicles to the seminal vesicles is cut or tied.
10. Abortion
In extreme cases, when the pregnancy has already occurred, abortion can be done. One can use medicine or surgery to remove the embryo or fetus and placenta from the uterus. Abortion process is unethical.
Young people should stay away from sex which helps them from unwanted pregnancy
